• Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

• Academic

• Governance

Intelligent modes of imperfect governance

In this article, we aim to show that the treatment of wicked problems in the literature on public administration approaches is inadequate. Wicked problems, we argue, are wicked because the factual and normative aspects of the issues are intertwined at actor-level. As a result, the phenomena that Rittel and Webber observed at problem level emerge. This has strong implications for public administration.

Media