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Article
Shaping Trust (essay)
Trust is an important word in love, in friendship and in professional relationships. In newspapers, news programs, interviews and also in daily conversations between friends or colleagues it is often about trust. Agreements are also based on trust in trade and business. Trust is a force against abuse of power, indifference, arbitrariness, alienation and unkindness. It is a prerequisite for physical and mental health. Safety is tested with trust and it is therefore the basis for living together.
It is about how we are present together, about how we witness each other and act together. Trust influences social interactions and determines the atmosphere between participants, it is the glue that holds things together.
The basic and most essential form of trust is being physically with others, sharing time and place, and being in relationship with each other. When the world becomes uncertain, when we become more vulnerable and the systems around us are complex and not necessarily reliable, then we lose confidence. By reflecting together on how trust is or is not created, we can make these uncertainties more manageable.
In this essay, Caroline Nevejan writes about the YUTPA framework she developed, the ideas and developments surrounding this 'talking tool'. In five chapters she takes a closer look at the major changes in our society, 'being present' and the action perspective of the person and the system, trade-offs of trust, the YUTPA framework and the dynamics between vulnerability and reliability. -
Article
Presence and the Design of Trust (proefschrift)
Designing presence in environments in which technology plays a crucial role is critical in the current era when social systems like law, education, health and business all face major challenges about how to guarantee trustworthy, safe, reliable and efficient services in which people interact with, and via, technology. The speed and scale of the collection and distribution of information that is facilitated by technology today demands a new formulation of basic concepts for our modern societies in terms of property, copyright, privacy, liability, responsibility and so forth. The research question assumes that presence is a phenomenon that we have to understand much better than we currently do.
Auteur: Caroline Nevejan
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Article
Time design for building trust in communities of systems and people
Multi-agent system (MAS) design focuses primarily on design of functionality, structure and (emergent)
behaviour. Very little research focuses on the design of interaction between MASs and human users (multi-actor systems), and in particular on the design of trust. Based on the YUPTA framework and exploratory
research, this paper argues, that temporal engagement between human beings and multi-agent systems must be explicitly designed and implemented for trust in multi-actor systems, including MAS, to be acquired.Authors: Caroline Nevejan & Frances Brazier.
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Article
Granularity in reciprocity
Witnessing in merging biological, social and algorithmic realities is crucial to trust, as modelled in the
YUTPA framework. Being witness and bearing witness is fundamental to human interaction. System participation in human communities of practice challenges the notion of witnessing and therefore the ability to build trust. Nevertheless, through trial and error, people in a variety of practices have found ways to establish the presence and develop trust in merging realities. This paper presents the results of 20 in-depth interviews with professionals from a variety of disciplines and nations. The conclusion of cumulative analysis is that systems do not witness themselves, but their output deeply affects the mental maps that human beings make of each other, the world around them and their own self. Essential qualities human beings seek
when being involved with other beings are defined by granularity and reciprocity in the design of time (duration of engagement, synchronizing performance, integrating rhythms and moments to signify), place (body sense, material interaction, emotional space and situated agency), relation (shared meaning, engagement, reputation and use) and action (tuning, reciprocity, negotiation and quality of
deeds). By designing granular interaction in 4 dimensions, reciprocity in witnessing obtains significance and the basis for establishing trust in a variety of presences emerges while human agency acquires potential. -
Article
Witnessed Presence and the YUTPA framework
This paper introduces the notion of witnessed presence arguing that the performative act of witnessing presence is fundamental to dynamics of negotiating trust and truth. As the agency of witnessed presence in mediated presence differs from natural presence orchestration between natural and mediated presences is needed. The YUTPA* framework, introduced in this paper, depicts 4 dimensions to define witnessed presence: time, place, action and relation. This framework also provides a context for design of trust in products and services, as illustrated for a number of illustrative scenarios.
YUTPA is acronym for "To be with You in Unity of Time, Place and Action",Auteur: Caroline Nevejan.
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Article
Design for the value of presence (publication)
Chapter by Nevejan and Brazier in 'Handbook of ethics, values and technological design' (2015)
[ABSTRACT]
This chapter elaborates on design for the value of presence. As digital technologies have made it possible for us to connect to each other at a speed and scale that is unprecedented, presence is acquiring many new stances. The distinctions between being there (in virtual worlds), being here (making the being there available here), and the merging realities of these two are essential to the notion of presence. Understanding the essence of presence is the focus of current presence research to which many disciplines contribute, including computer science, artificial intelligence, artistic research, social science, and neurobiology.
The definition of presence used in this chapter is “steering towards well-being and survival,” and this definition introduces a neurobiological perspective on presence fundamental to the approach on which this chapter focuses. This perspective recognizes the choices and trade-offs involved in presence design. Presence design is a meta-design, which creates the context for human experience to emerge. Presence as a value for design can be a design requirement, a factor of analysis, and a key value in a process of Design for Values.
This chapter discusses a number of analytical and design frameworks for constructing and deconstructing presence design. Acknowledging that presence is a fuzzy concept and that a variety of open issues can be identified, presence as a value for design is fundamental for human beings to accept responsibility in complex environments.
Nevejan, C., & Brazier, F. (2015). Design for the Value of presence. J. van den Hoven, PE Vermaas, I. Van de Poel Handbook of ethics, values, and technological design: Sources, theory, values and application domains, 403-430.Authors: Caroline Nevejan & Frances Brazier
The website being-here.net was the foundation for Caroline Nevejan's research into witnessing. Forty four authors contributed to this study. Artists, academics, journalists, designers reflected upon their own work form the perspective of witnessing. As result the YUTPA framework was further developed. This YUTPA framework makes trade-offs for trust visible. YUTPA is the acronym for 'being with You in Unity of Time Place and Action. The framework works with the four dimensions of Time, Place, Relation and Action to understand how trade-offs for trust are made in merging on-and offline realities.In each dimensions 4 factors are identified that affect such trade-offs.
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Article
Presence as Performance: Exploring Witnessed Presence
The performing arts have been concerned with mediating presence through orchestration, dramatization and choreograph for many centuries. Insights, knowledge and skills have been passed over through ‘direct transmission, from person to person, from generation to generation. Current technology mediated presence design faces similar challenges as the performing arts: how to set a context, how to induce attribution and imagination, how to show the unsaid and more. Some issues have changed radically though with the introduction of digital technology: we can have sensual synchronous experiences while we are not at the same place, we can connect and possibly act in places where we are not present, all mediated presences can be copied endlessly and will last forever. These old and new questions are not only relevant for the performing arts, but for many professional realms that have to deal with on- and offline collaboration as well. Most contributors to this panel work in and from out the arts and/or use artistic practice as inspiration for their academic and scientific work.
Auteurs: Caroline Nevejan, Sher Doruff, Satinder Gill, Bryoni Lavery, Lundahl & Seitl & Frances Brazier.
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Article
Video - Samenmarkt
Together with Olaf van Koten, Frances Brazier, Coen Hubers en Michel Oey we developed an idea for a new organization of the food market. First research focuses on the horticulture. We expect to develop a proposition for larger and diverse foodmarkets that operate on a global and local scale. Currently the team is making a simulation of the current dynamics in the tomato chain based on in depth interviews with different stakeholders in the chain that are analysed with the YUTPA framework. This simulation is then used to create different scenario's. In the next phase of research we will create a distributed simulation for being able to better understand processes of self organisation and emergence when many growers and traders participate in different ways of structuring the horticultural market.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17U7Z9_v_GA&t=1s
This animation describes the history and future of the (in)balance between growers and consumers of vegetables. It was shown on april 5th, 2012 at the inaugural speech of professor Olaf van Kooten at InHolland Delft University of Applied Sciences.