This chapter focuses on the pacification of immigrant rights politics in Amsterdam politics, which had been contentious in the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s. It examines how the vanguards that had spearheaded the immigrant rights movement were gradually absorbed into governance networks and lost their inclination and capacity for organizing broad and powerful mobilizations. The chapter also examines how the Amsterdam government responded to a new kind of challenge, that of Islamic radicals. Whereas the French state has had difficulty anticipating and adapting to new risks like collectifs, urban riots, and Islamic radicals, the Dutch government has shown itself to be capable in extending its control. The flexible and adaptable character of this state has enabled it to extend the circuits of government deep into immigrant civil society. The chapter discusses two mechanisms of political integration: ethnic encapsulation and territorial encapsulation.
Walter J. Nicholls Justus Uitermark, Cities and Social Movements: Immigrant Rights Activism in the United States, France, and the Netherlands, 1970–2015, 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.