Author: Mathilda Golay, Masterstudent UvA.
Collection
(9)
Amsterdam Housing Market (UvA)
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Article
Msc Thesis - How international students navigate the housing market in Amsterdam
This thesis seeks to explore the different strategies that foreign students endorse to access housing opportunities in the context of the Amsterdam housing market while acknowledging the role of both resources allocation and structural elements that shape foreign students’ experiences. In this difficult marker, housing scarcity and intense competition pose significant hurdles to home-seekers. This is especially true for foreign students.
Beginning with an overview of the housing crisis in Amsterdam and its history, this study relies on the concepts of capitals and arenas to identify the obstacles foreign students face; to analyse home-seeking
strategies; and to identify the different spheres of the rental market in which foreign students seek accommodation. Results reveal that international students consciously mobilize diverse forms of capital to access housing opportunities. Moreover, this work develops the concept of arenas as applied to the rental field and shows that foreign students mobilize different capitals differently in the various arenas of the rental market. The insight this thesis offers insight is valuable in understanding better the consequences of the housing crisis and what can be done to ensure that education stays accessible for all. -
Article
Onderzoek tweedeling huurmarkt Cody Hochstenbach
In zijn laatste onderzoek concludeert Cody Hochstenbach, onderzoeker gentrificatie aan de UvA onder andere dat zowel Rijk als gemeente een remmende en een aanjagende rol kunnen hebben in de gentrificatie van Amsterdamse buurten, en dat het beleid ten aanzien van de bouw en verkoop van sociale huurwoningen (van corporaties) daarop van grote invloed kan zijn. “Hoewel Amsterdam tot de dag vandaag een redelijk gemengde stad is, schept het huidige woonbeleid ruimte voor toenemende sociaal economische ongelijkheid en sociaal-ruimtelijke tweedeling. De segmentering van verschillende soorten woonsegmenten dient zeer uiteenlopende delen van de populatie van de stad.” Hochstenbach constateert onder andere dat primair verkocht wordt in buurten “die al aan het gentrificeren zijn, en waar het markt-georiënteerde herstructurering nog steeds gecombineerd kan worden met het doel van sociale menging.” Hoewel het doel van sociale menging een rem kan zijn op gentrificatie, kan de toestemming om in die buurten te verkopen en de vraag in die buurten een aanjager van gentrificatie zijn, en uiteindelijk bijdragen aan tweedeling, aldus het onderzoek.
Behandeld in Commissie Wonen 18 januari 2017
Voor meer informatie klik hier
Bron: Article in Housing Theory and Society · December 2016
Cody Hochstenbach - University of Amsterdam | UVA · Department of Human Geography, Planning and International Development Studies -
Article
Multiple dimensions of residential segregation. The case of the metropolitan area of Amsterdam
In this contribution, we analyze residential segregation not just on the basis of dimenions of migration background and income but also according to educational level, class fractions, labor market status, and the employment sector . We use individual-level geocoded data for the entire population of the Metropolitan Area of Amsterdam to analyze residential orientations of households at eight different neighborhood types based on different levels of social mix, taking into account their employment sector, their age, educational attainment, income, type of contract, and migration background. We find that segregation based on income is relatively moderate but segregation on the basis of migration background and educational attainment level is relatively high. Multinomial regression models show that different class fractions are oriented to very different residential milieus. We conclude that a combination of dimensions of social positions yields a more nuanced and better conceptual framework for understanding the social geographies of urban areas.
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Article
Divided access and the spatial polarization of housing wealth
Recent research has pointed to increasingly divided housing access across advanced economies. This reflects growing labor market inequality and rising intergenerational divides amplifying the importance of parental resources. At the same time, an increasing spatial polarization of housing markets has driven divergence between high-gain versus low-gain submarkets. This paper confronts how divided access to housing collides with growing spatial inequality in housing markets. The research turns to the Netherlands, drawing on full-population register data. First, GIS mapping exposes spatial polarization in house-value development. Second, household-level modeling demonstrates the impact of income, employment position and parental wealth in divided access to housing submarkets. Taken together, spatial polarization and differentiated access appear fundamental to driving inequalities in housing wealth accumulation.
Arundel, R. & Hochstenbach, C. (2019) Divided Access and the Spatial Polarization of Housing Wealth. Urban Geography. Online First, DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2019.1681722
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Article
The neo-liberal politics and socio-spatial implications of Dutch post-crisis social housing policies
This review discusses changes in Dutch housing policy that were implemented after the great financial crisis of 2008, notably the 2015 Housing Act and its lead-up legislation, and a landlord levy aimed at taxing housing associations. We argue that these changes should be seen as a decade-long process of institutional re-regulation that may be characterised as neo-liberalisation. In addition to reviewing the neo-liberal politics of these changes, we also provide an assessment of the social and spatial implications of the new legislation. Financial pressures on housing associations and higher income tenants together with the stricter eligibility for new tenants have led to a relative decline and residualisation of the social-rental sector. Also, housing policies are set to increase the spatial concentration of disadvantaged population groups. These socio-spatial implications may further undermine social housing in the future.
Changes in stock and residualisation
New housing regulations instituted after the crisis restricted access to social housing while also putting financial pressure on housing associations and their tenants. The continued demise and residualisation of social housing is evident in the declining share of stock. Whereas housing associations owned about 40% of the housing stock in 1990, this had declined to 30.7% in 2012 and 29.3% in 2018. Between 2007 and 2017, there was a net loss of 23,500 housing association dwellings, while the total housing stock grew by over 600,000 dwellings, as well as households (Figure 1). Housing association dwellings with a monthly rent below the liberalisation threshold1 even show a 5% decline between 2007 and 2017, with a noticeable drop when the Housing Act came into effect in 2015. Only those dwellings with a rent below this threshold are rent regulated, and therefore social, based on a point scoring system measuring dwelling quality—while dwellings with higher rents are officially rent liberalised. The result of these developments is an increasing gap between the total size of the social-rental stock and the total number of households.
Source: Tandfonline
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Article
Spatial housing market polarisation: National and urban dynamics of diverging house values
Housing is central in the reproduction of social inequalities. Beyond divides across populations, trends point to increasingly unequal housing‐market dynamics across space. Nonetheless, little systematic evidence exists on the spatial inequality of housing values. In this paper we address this through a detailed investigation of house‐value developments in the Netherlands over time and space. We draw on national registers including longitudinal and geocoded data for the entire housing stock over the 2006–2018 period. Spatial polarisation is examined across different scales at the national, provincial, and urban level. We further investigate how housing‐market inequality trends vary over time, particularly between periods of economic boom and house‐price increases or, conversely, periods of downturn. Our analyses expose a substantial and widespread trend of spatial polarisation. Rising spatial inequality between neighbourhoods is clearly apparent at the national level, within all but one province, as well as for 44 of the 50 largest municipalities. The polarising trend appears structural and pervasive. While boom periods saw the strongest increases, inequality levels, remarkably, remained stable or even saw continued increases over the period of declining house prices. These patterns of spatial polarisation in house values have fundamental societal implications towards uneven wealth accumulation and in amplifying socio‐economic cleavages across populations and space.Hochstenbach, C. & Arundel, R. (2019) Spatial housing market polarisation: national and urban dynamics of diverging house values. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. Online First, DOI: 10.1111/tran.12346
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Article
The unraveling of Amsterdam’s unitary rental system
The Netherlands has traditionally been considered an iconic ‘unitary’ rental housing market in which social and private sectors directly compete. More recently however, this unitary market has been undermined by changes in the status of housing associations, the privatization of social housing stock and the promotion of home ownership. It has subsequently been suggested that the Netherlands is drifting toward a ‘dualist’ system in which social and private sectors are critically unequal. This paper takes on this claim, providing, on the one hand, palpable evidence of the waning influence of the unitary housing system in the Netherlands and, on the other, a deeper examination of processes of dualisation as well as the outcomes. We focus on Amsterdam, where housing privatization has been most intense. We specifically draw on a geospatial analysis of changing tenure distributions at the neighbourhood level as well as a household analysis of the shifting profile of tenants and home owners to show how the unitary rental market, which helped establish Amsterdam as an iconic ‘just city’, has been unraveling. We demonstrate the relevance of the unitary/dualist model to understanding contemporary urban processes, especially those featuring social and economic polarization.
Van Duijne, R.J. & Ronald, R. (2018). The unraveling of Amsterdam's unitary housing system. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment.
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Article
The Revival of Private Landlords in Britain’s Post-Homeownership Society
Homeownership has been declining in favour of private renting in most developed English speaking countries since the early-2000s. Public debates in countries like Britain, Australia and the US have subsequently focused on the ostensible coming of age of ‘generation rent’, constituted of younger individuals excluded from home buying and traditional routes to housing asset accumulation. While the focus of this paper is the significance of access to housing assets as a means to offset potential economic and welfare precarity, our concern is landlords rather than tenants. Drawing on British survey data, we show that the rental boom has been accompanied by increasing multiple property ownership among classes of largely middle-aged and relatively affluent households. Over one-million small-time landlords have emerged in the last decade alone, who, we argue, are part product of historic developments in housing markets and welfare states. Generations of British have not only been orientated towards their homes as commodity assets, they have also begun to mobilise around multi-property accumulation in a context of shifting welfare and pension expectations.
Ronald, R. & Kadi, J. (2017). The Revival of Private Landlords in Britain’s Post-Homeownership Society. New Political Economy 23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2017.1401055
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Article
Housing careers, intergenerational support and family relations
The home and family have always been mutually embedded, with the former central to the realization and reproduction of the latter. More recently, this mutuality has taken on a more critical salience as realignments in housing markets, employment and welfare states in many countries have worked together to undermine housing access for new households. In this context, families have become increasingly involved in smoothening the routes of young adults members up the ‘housing ladder’ into home ownership. Intergenerational support appears to have become much more widespread and not just confined to familialistic welfare regimes. The role of intergenerational support for housing remains, however, highly differentiated across countries, cities and regions, as well as uneven between social and income classes. This introduction to the Special Issue explores how the role of housing wealth transfers has impacted the renegotiation of the generational contract. In doing so, it sets the scene for the articles that follow, each of which contribute significantly to advancing understanding of housing as a key driver of contemporary social relations and inequalities.
Ronald, R. & Lennartz, C. (2018). Housing careers, intergenerational support and family relations. Housing Studies 33:2, 147-159. DOI:10.1080/02673037.2017.1416070.