Bron: van Tussenbroek, 2019. The great rebuilding of Amsterdam (1521-1578). Urban History, Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/S0963926818000561
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The great rebuilding of Amsterdam (1521-1578)
In 1452, approximately three-quarters of Amsterdam was destroyed by fire. Despite attempts by the city government to encourage citizens to build using brick and pan tiles, the city was mainly rebuilt with timber-framed buildings. Only in 1521 did petrification of Amsterdam’s buildings gradually start to become more widespread, coinciding with an enormous increase in the total number of houses. The great rebuilding of Amsterdam led to a sustainable renewal of the housing stock, of which some houses have survived to the present day. This article investigates the reasons for the delay in building with brick, based on building archaeological research, bylaws and investigation of the 1562 tax register. It shows the mechanisms of transforming a wooden city into a brick one and reveals the effects on living conditions in the final stages of the rebuilding process in the sixteenth century.
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Article
Cornelis Ryckwaert (C.1635-1693), architect in Brandenburg
Cornelis Ryckwaert is one of the few builders who was active in Brandenburg in the seventeenth century, and of whom more is known than just a name and a place of residence. This makes him ideally suited to investi gate to what extent he was responsible for exporting Dutch influences in architecture. Since the end of the 1990s, such influences on architecture abroad have been an important research topic.
Dutch architects active abroad, the circulation of Dutch prints and publications and international networks of cultural agents and members of the nobility were central to this research. The international project The Low Countries at the Crossroads aimed to map such influences from the end of the fifteenth to the end of the seventeenth century. The results of this research, published in 2013, made clear the importance of the Netherlands as a region of origin for new trends in architecture, which in terms of vitality and influence was no less important than France or Italy. External influences in the Netherlands itself and visits by foreign architects have also been the subject of study. This mechanism of mutual influence and its effects on certain regions or areas in Europe have also been studied, as has the impact of builders grom The Netherlands who were active abroad.
Source: Tussenbroek, G. 2019. Cornelis Ryckwaert (C.1635-1693), architect in Brandenburg: Export of Dutch Architecture in the seventeenth century. Bulletin Knob.
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Article
Over de praktijk van het publieke bouwrecht in de Noordelijke Nederlanden tot 1650
Op 6 juli 1396 werd in het kartuizerklooster Nieuwlicht bij Utrecht de eerste steen gelegd van de kloosterkerk. Bij deze plechtigheid waren niet alleen kerkelijke, maar ook wereldlijke ambts- dragers aanwezig. Afgezien van enkele archeologische resten is van de kapel niets bewaard gebleven, maar dankzij de kloosterkroniek van Nieuwlicht is er toch enige informatie over de bouw van het klooster tot 1407 bekend.
In 1392 was al begonnen met de kloostergebouwen en in 1394 waren het kapittelhuis en het grote pandhof gewijd. Opmerkelijk is dat het klooster kort nadat het met de bouw van de kapel was begonnen, een berisping kreeg van het Generaal Kapittel van de Kartuizerorde. Zo’n Generaal Kapittel werd jaarlijks georganiseerd door het moederklooster van de centraal georganiseerde Kartuizerorde, de Grande Chartreuse, bij Grenoble. Daar kwamen de priors van alle kartuizerkloosters samen, met als doel toezicht te houden op de handhaving van de kloosterregels. Behalve zaken zoals liturgie en de organisatie van de orde, kwamen ook nieuw gestichte kloosters en dus bouwprojecten ter sprake. Visita- toren hadden vastgesteld dat er in Utrecht niet volgens de richtlijnen van de Kartuizerorde werd gebouwd. Mogelijk was de opzet van de plattegrond te ruim genomen en vanwege de slappe ondergrond sloot de oriëntatie van de pandhoven niet aan op die van de kapel, wat in strijd was met de voorgeschreven regels.
Bron: van Tussenbroek, G. 2019. Over de praktijk van het publieke bouwrecht in de Noordelijke Nederlandsen tot 1650.
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Building Archaeology and Preservation
Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands and was first mentioned in the year 1275. After modest growth in the 14 and 15 centuries,the number of inhabitants grew to ca. 200,000 during the course of the 17 century as the city prospered as never before and became a world leader international trade. Large-scale urban expansion was the solution to the demand for more space.
Nowadays, the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area has a population of about 2.4. minion. The city still identifies itself with its 17th century city, and present this particular image to the world. Historic buildings are considered to be essential bearers of the city's cultural identity. The protection of listed buildings has ensured that large parts of Amsterdam's city centre, which date back to the 17th century or before, have been preserved. Material authenticity should be preserved if it is to stand change of survival. This preservation primarily depends on knowledge, and to obtain knowledge about Amsterdam's heritage, research is crucial.
Source: van Tussenbroek, G. 2019. Building Archaeology and Preservation: The Tangible Golden Age of Amsterdam (1585-1700). University of Amsterdam, Office for Monuments and Archaeology of the City of Amsterdam.