Daarom heeft de Gemeente Amsterdam, als onderdeel van haar taak om de stad veilig, bereikbaar en ‘toekomstbestendig’ te houden, het Actieplan Bruggen en Kademuren ontwikkeld. Als onderdeel van dit plan zijn innovatieve methoden nodig om belangrijke vragen te beantwoorden. Wat is de huidige status van de bruggen en kademuren? Welke bruggen en kades moeten worden vervangen of onderhouden? Wat is de oorzaak van de schade? De programmaorganisatie van de gemeente Amsterdam' Bruggen en Kademuren' is een gigantische opgave, waarvoor AMS Institute een netwerk heeft om bovenstaande vragen te beantwoorden.
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Collectie
Climate Resilient Cities Projects
In this collection you find information about different projects by AMS Institute, within the Urban Challenge of Climate Resilient Cities. The theme centers around research about the way cities are affected by climate change and how to prepare them for it.
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Collectie
Urban Comfort Lab
Het Urban Comfort Lab is een fieldlab/onderzoeksfaciliteit nabij Schiphol die een semi-gecontroleerde stedelijke omgeving biedt waarin de impact van maatregelen ter vermindering van vliegtuiglawaai, hittestress en luchtvervuiling wordt getest. Het doel is om oplossingen te ontwikkelen die de gezondheid en het welzijn verbeteren in gebieden die worden blootgesteld aan omgevingslawaai.
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Collectie
RED&BLUE
Climate change brings new risks for real estate and infrastructure, such as rising sea levels, extreme rain, and drought. Especially lower lying urban areas around the world, like the Netherlands, are affected by the impacts of climate change.
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Collectie
Helende Tuinen
Tijdens dit onderzoek werd het effect onderzocht van tuinieren op kankerpatiënten. Er werd gedacht dat tuinieren meer kans op beweging zou geven en toegang tot gezonder voedsel. Ook zouden patiënten in contact komen met lotgenoten.
Het experiment is uitgevoerd als onderdeel van het The Feeding City programma. Dit programma is onderdeel van Flevo Campus en uitgevoerd in samenwerking met AMS Institute, Aeres Hogeschool, provincie Flevoland -
Collectie
Kademuren (AMS Institute)
De Gemeente Amsterdam is verantwoordelijk voor het beheer en onderhoud van een groot aantal bruggen en kades. Feit is echter: voor zo'n 200 km kademuren en 850 bruggen is er nog onvoldoende informatie beschikbaar over de staat waarin ze zich bevinden en welke belasting ze nog aankunnen. Ter illustratie: er zijn onvoldoende gegevens over de samenstelling van de grond rond deze muren; een belangrijke factor die de toestand van de kades bepaalt.
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Collectie
Citizens as Sensors
This collection was features project information and publications around the Citizens as Sensors project. This project was a collaboraiton between AMS Institute, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Deltares, KWR, Waternet, and Pavel van Houten. The goal of the project was to find out more about the quality of water in Amsterdam. Citizens were invited to measure this, making the gap between research and citizens smaller and the monitoring network bigger!
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Artikel
Quick scan sea level rise and adaptation
We are all familiar with pictures showing Venice being flooded in wintertime. Many delta cities around the world face the same threat: what will be the impact of sea level rise caused by climate change? Up till now, the City of Amsterdam has paid much attention to other aspects of climate change: how to anticipate more intense rainfall events, and – more recently – how to cope with heat waves and droughts. In a short exploratory study, researchers form TU Delft and HKV at AMS Institute investigated the need to adapt to accelerated sea level rise.
Water system characteristics
Key to understanding the impact of sea level rise is the knowledge of the water system in and around Amsterdam and how it is managed. Amsterdam has a central position in a large, low lying polder area, in which the main drainage canals are connected to the main artery formed by the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal and the North Sea Canal. The water level in these canals – including all canals in the center of Amsterdam – is carefully maintained at a level of 40 cm-NAP. All excess water in this area has to be drained via the sluices at IJmuiden. At low tide at sea, a natural drainage is possible, however, at high tide the water has to be pumped out.
Sometimes, the water level in the canals rises more than 20cm, for instance when a storm and associated prolonged high tides at sea prevent a natural drainage at IJmuiden. During such an event, the connections of the polder drainage canals to the North Sea Canal are closed and a second, but far smaller, pumping station Zeeburg starts discharging water to lake IJmeer/Markermeer.
Impact of sea level rise
Sea level rise will have the same impact, but much more pronounced. Pumping stations need to take over the role of natural drainage at IJmuiden, which make the system more vulnerable. Problems will arise during periods of storms, coinciding with intense rainfall or failure of pumping stations. In the long run the capacity of the pumping stations might not be sufficient any more at all. The consequences – long periods with excessive water levels – will be cascading from the North Sea Canal and Amsterdam Rhine Canal, via the polder drainage canals, to the polder areas because all connections between these water bodies must be closed one after the other during high water events. It remains uncertain when this will occur, because sea level rise scenarios vary a lot, but as a rule of thumb the frequency of occurrence of high water events (0 cm NAP in the main drainage canals) is calculated to increase from once in 100 years at present to once in 25 years when sea level rises 50cm and once in 10 years when sea level rises 100 cm.
Maintaining the resilience of the water system requires anticipation by the water managers. Two strategies may be envisaged. The first strategy is to increase the capacity of the pumping stations at IJmuiden and Zeeburg. Technically, this can be done and is similar to the building of a new pumping station in the Afsluitdijk near Den Oever, which was decided a few years ago. The second strategy aims at creating water storage capacity in all parts of the drainage basin, that is along the North Sea Canal and Amsterdam Rhine Canal, along the polder drainage canals and in the polders as well. This solution involves the revision of building and infrastructure regulations too.
Research needs
Further research can underpin these options or combinations thereof. Possibilities for increasing the drainage to the IJmeer/Markermeer depend heavily on the salt intrusion in the North Sea canal as brackish water is not allowed to be drained or pumped into a fresh water reservoir. Where to build water storage facilities in the entire drainage systems requires a solid planning study incorporating socio-economic aspects.
Authors
Prof.dr. Matthijs Kok
Mr. Bart Strijker
Mr. Erik van Berchum,
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Artikel
Fietsdiefstal en tracking - uitgebreide versie
Steden maken steeds meer gebruik van de fiets als een effectieve manier om files, de uitstoot van broeikasgassen en overgewicht te verminderen. Met de opkomst van de fiets in steden, wordt fietsendiefstal echter een steeds grotere uitdaging voor steden over de hele wereld. Een van de steden die hiermee veel problemen heeft ondervonden is de stad Amsterdam in Nederland. De huidige maatregelen van de stad Amsterdam om fietsendiefstal te voorkomen lijken niet te volstaan om het grote aantal fietsen dat jaarlijks wordt gestolen terug te dringen. Nieuwe benaderingen en inzichten zijn nodig om het aantal fietsendiefstallen te verminderen.
Het doel van dit onderzoek is tweeledig. Ten eerste is bestudeerd welke stedelijke karakteristieken bedragen aan de kans dat een fiets gestolen wordt. Ten tweede, is bestudeerd wat er gebeurt nadat een fiets is gestolen.Behandeld in Commissie Mobiliteit, Openbare Ruimte en Water 23 maart 2023
Behandelend ambtenaar: Verkeer en Openbare Ruimte, Saskia van Dijk, s.van.dijk@amsterdam.nl
Voor meer informatie/voordracht klik hier
BRON:
AMS Institute
Hoofdauteur
Titus Venverloo (Technische Universiteit Delft)
t.venverloo@tudelft.nl
Supervisie
Serge Hoogendoorn (Technische Universiteit Delft)
Fabio Duarte (Massachussets Institute of Technology -
Artikel
The Green Health Check
Urban green offers many benefits beyond aesthetic and general recreational pleasure. A model to better guide urban actors - backed by research - was developed to understand the relationship between urban green environment and aspects of human health.
Amsterdam like other cities faces huge challenges with regards to the health of its people. Take obesity, mental health, and social exclusion as examples. Urban green offers solutions to address these issues and benefits can be reduction of mental health and physical stress, stimulating physical activity and enhanced social cohesion. Scientific studies have proven this.
Unfortunately, Amsterdam’s urban green design and planning as well as construction and maintenance rarely incorporates these benefits. Urban green is still judged based on its aesthetics, costs aspects and recreational opportunities at large. In sum, Amsterdam missed the opportunity of using urban green more effectively to build a healthier city.
The “Green Health Check” (or: De Groene Agenda) project developed an evidence-based tool for designers and urban actors to explore how different spatial scenarios of urban green impact health on streets, in neighborhoods and at business sites. This tool was developed through collaboration of scientists, health care specialists, city administrators, citizens and business partners. It helped with gaining insight in opportunities and pitfalls around urban green in practice.
The relationship between environment and aspects of human health was modeled including current knowledge on vegetation and qualities of urban green. The model was tested for usability in various cities, including Amsterdam, involving various stakeholders. During the first phase of the Green Health Check project, a prototype was developed and resulted in a map table on a computer screen to sit inside a mobile table. People can stand around it, make maps while discussing the future green in their neighborhood, develop scenarios and eventually let the model calculate the benefits of each scenario. It is thus an exemplary tool that enables citizens to participate in the process directly, to understand the impact of their preferences and to choose between options. In a later phase, a working tool for city planners in the horticultural sector was delivered. All in all, the Green Health Check project is an ideal candidate for AMS Institute’s approach using Living Labs.
Partners
- Wageningen Environmental Research
- Ministry of Economic Affairs
- Royal Flora Holland
- Soontiens Landscaping
- Permavoid Drain Solutions
- De Groene Stad
- MetaDecor
- GGD Amsterdam
- DRO Amsterdam
Related Information: -
Artikel
The Future Street
This is the report of The Future Street. The Future Street is a project that was conducted in collaboration between Wageningen University & Research and Amsterdam Institute for Metropolitan Solutions. The programme was developed for the Gemeente Almere and for future use of the city of Amsterdam.
The project had the following goals:
1) Realizing the production of food in Almere locally for 20%. By systematically integrating existing, proven urban environmental technologies for food, water and energy.
2) Closing the knowledge gaps relevant to the systematic integration, about subjects such as the efficiency and safety of reusing nutrients recovered from local waste water.
3) Designing the urban unit in a way that is sufficiently flexible to adopt future urban innovations.
4) Establishing a long-term monitoring programme to guarantee the resilience and safety of the implementation, which may provide valuable data for future research.A circular sanitation-food production system for Almere
In this project, a circular sanitation-food production system is proposed for Almere. The connection to the local food production is a necessity if a more circular and efficient sanitation system is aimed for. In the project report, the conventional sanitation system and the new sanitation system that was tried out in Sneek, the Netherlands, are used to systematically and scientifically elaborate the proposition for Almere.
Using every-day waste
The inorganic waste such as plastic and glasses are not yet included in this scheme, as this research at this stage primarily focuses on the food, nutrients, water and energy. Two waste streams are collected form households on a daily basis. These waste streams come from the organic solid waste and waste water, which contain organics and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). The organic solid waste consists mainly out of residues from the kitchen and garden, while the waste water contains mainly human excreta from toilets, organics from the kitchen sink (and dishwasher in some cases) and light waste water from the shower and washing machine. The light waste water from the shower and washing machine can be categorized as grey water, and the other waste water streams (toilet, kitchen sink, etc) which contain more nutrients, organics and pathogens are categorized as black water.
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Artikel
Amstelland Collective Landscape
This research project is about the economic position of the area of Amstelland. The Foundation Beschermers van Amstelland asked Wageningen University and Research to research this. This research was done in collaboration with AMS Institute.
The research focussed on parties that cultivate the land (farmers), parties that are indirectly economically dependent on the landscape (recreational businesses and restaurants) and parties that sue the land (civilians and recreants). The researchers made use of existing literature and data and collaborated with stakeholders to think about possible development of the landscape. It was concluded that the competitive position of agricultural enterprises of the Amstelland is insufficient.
Causes for this are the proximity of the city, which gives the farmers little options when it comes to ground and the relatively expensive price of the ground. Because the ground they work on is very moist, the agricultural enterprises are not very productive.
Find the results of the project in the depot of Wageningen University and Research.
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Artikel
The potential of urban rainfall monitoring with crowdsourced automatic weather stations in Amsterdam
The high density of built-up areas and resulting imperviousness of the land surface makes urban areas vulnerable to extreme rainfall, which can lead to considerable damage. In order to design and manage cities to be able to deal with the growing number of extreme rainfall events, rainfall data are required at higher temporal and spatial resolutions than those needed for rural catchments. However, the density of operational rainfall monitoring networks managed by local or national authorities is typically low in urban areas. A growing number of automatic personal weather stations (PWSs) link rainfall measurements to online platforms. Here, we examine the potential of such crowdsourced datasets for obtaining the desired resolution and quality of rainfall measurements for the capital of the Netherlands.
Data from 63 stations in Amsterdam (∼ 575 km2) that measure rainfall over at least 4 months in a 17-month period are evaluated. In addition, a detailed assessment is made of three Netatmo stations, the largest contributor to this dataset, in an experimental setup. The sensor performance in the experimental setup and the density of the PWS network are promising. However, features in the online platforms, like rounding and thresholds, cause changes from the original time series, resulting in considerable errors in the datasets obtained. These errors are especially large during low-intensity rainfall, although they can be reduced by accumulating rainfall over longer intervals. Accumulation improves the correlation coefficient with gauge-adjusted radar data from 0.48 at 5 min intervals to 0.60 at hourly intervals. Spatial rainfall correlation functions derived from PWS data show much more small-scale variability than those based on gauge-adjusted radar data and those found in similar research using dedicated rain gauge networks. This can largely be attributed to the noise in the PWS data resulting from both the measurement setup and the processes occurring in the data transfer to the online PWS platform. A double mass comparison with gauge-adjusted radar data shows that the median of the stations resembles the rainfall reference better than the real-time (unadjusted) radar product. Averaging nearby raw PWS measurements further improves the match with gauge-adjusted radar data in that area. These results confirm that the growing number of internet-connected PWSs could successfully be used for urban rainfall monitoring.
LW de Vos, H Leijnse, A Overeem, R Uijlenhoet. The potential of urban rainfall monitoring with crowdsourced automatic weather stations in Amsterdam
Status: published, Journal: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Year: 2017, First page: 765, Last page: 777, doi: 10.5194/hess-21-765-2017 -
Artikel
Exploring the impact of sea level rise on Amsterdam
We are all familiar with pictures showing Venice being flooded in wintertime. Many delta cities around the world face the same threat: what will be the impact of sea level rise caused by climate change? Up till now, the City of Amsterdam has paid much attention to other aspects of climate change: how to anticipate more intense rainfall events, and – more recently – how to cope with heat waves and droughts. In a short exploratory study, researchers form TU Delft and HKV at AMS Institute investigated the need to adapt to accelerated sea level rise.
Water system characteristics
Key to understanding the impact of sea level rise is the knowledge of the water system in and around Amsterdam and how it is managed. Amsterdam has a central position in a large, low lying polder area, in which the main drainage canals are connected to the main artery formed by the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal and the North Sea Canal. The water level in these canals – including all canals in the center of Amsterdam – is carefully maintained at a level of 40 cm-NAP. All excess water in this area has to be drained via the sluices at IJmuiden. At low tide at sea, a natural drainage is possible, however, at high tide the water has to be pumped out.
Sometimes, the water level in the canals rises more than 20cm, for instance when a storm and associated prolonged high tides at sea prevent a natural drainage at IJmuiden. During such an event, the connections of the polder drainage canals to the North Sea Canal are closed and a second, but far smaller, pumping station Zeeburg starts discharging water to lake IJmeer/Markermeer.
Impact of sea level rise
Sea level rise will have the same impact, but much more pronounced. Pumping stations need to take over the role of natural drainage at IJmuiden, which make the system more vulnerable. Problems will arise during periods of storms, coinciding with intense rainfall or failure of pumping stations. In the long run the capacity of the pumping stations might not be sufficient any more at all. The consequences – long periods with excessive water levels – will be cascading from the North Sea Canal and Amsterdam Rhine Canal, via the polder drainage canals, to the polder areas because all connections between these water bodies must be closed one after the other during high water events. It remains uncertain when this will occur, because sea level rise scenarios vary a lot, but as a rule of thumb the frequency of occurrence of high water events (0 cm NAP in the main drainage canals) is calculated to increase from once in 100 years at present to once in 25 years when sea level rises 50cm and once in 10 years when sea level rises 100 cm.
Maintaining the resilience of the water system requires anticipation by the water managers. Two strategies may be envisaged. The first strategy is to increase the capacity of the pumping stations at IJmuiden and Zeeburg. Technically, this can be done and is similar to the building of a new pumping station in the Afsluitdijk near Den Oever, which was decided a few years ago. The second strategy aims at creating water storage capacity in all parts of the drainage basin, that is along the North Sea Canal and Amsterdam Rhine Canal, along the polder drainage canals and in the polders as well. This solution involves the revision of building and infrastructure regulations too.
Research needs
Further research can underpin these options or combinations thereof. Possibilities for increasing the drainage to the IJmeer/Markermeer depend heavily on the salt intrusion in the North Sea canal as brackish water is not allowed to be drained or pumped into a fresh water reservoir. Where to build water storage facilities in the entire drainage systems requires a solid planning study incorporating socio-economic aspects.
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Artikel
Op weg naar de waterslimme stad
Over de hele wereld staan steden voor grote uitdagingen op watergebied. We moeten de manier waarop we met water omgaan in onze steden heroverwegen. Steden moeten (opnieuw) ontworpen worden, waarbij afwatering plaats maakt voor groen, veerkracht en een gesloten waterkringloop. Waterslimme steden, dus.
Water speelt een belangrijke rol voor de leefbaarheid van de stad. We moeten de manier waarop we met water omgaan in de stad heroverwegen om groene, veerkrachtige steden met een gesloten waterkringloop te maken, zogeheten waterslimme steden, waarbij samenwerking tussen bedrijven, overheden, wetenschappers en burgers een unieke rol speelt om een snelle overgang te garanderen. Veel steden hebben te maken met een toenemend risico op waterschaarste, overstromingen en hittegolven. Er is een overgang nodig om steden met afwatering (opnieuw) te ontwerpen tot waterslimme steden, zodat de natuurlijke afwateringscapaciteit van steden wordt hersteld en de stedelijke waterkringloop wordt gesloten. In een waterslimme stad is de stedenbouw geïntegreerd met waterbeheer en wordt water niet beschouwd als last maar als hulpbron. Elke druppel water in onze steden heeft waarde en het is essentieel dat alle verantwoordelijke partijen een gezamenlijke visie hebben.
Bron: WUR - Op weg naar de waterslimme stad
van Huttum, T., Blauw, M., Jensen, M. B., & de Bruin, K. (2016) Towards Water Smart Cities. Climate adaptation is a huge opportunity to improve the quality of life in cities. Wageningen University & Research.
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Artikel
AAMS - Amsterdam Atmospheric Monitoring Supersite
The weather in cities is crucial for the environmental quality and livability. The Amsterdam Atmospheric Monitoring Supersite (AAMS), a network that consists of 30 weather stations, maps the weather in Amsterdam over the long term.
The weather in urban areas is different from that in rural areas. The urban heat island effect is the best known urban weather phenomena. On hot summer days it can be 6 degrees warmer in the centre of Amsterdam than in surrounding areas. But cities also have their own wind climate, water balance and carbon budget, that influence air quality, comfort, urban water management, energy consumption and sustainability of the city.
Expanding Amsterdam’s meteorological network and monitoring a wide scope of variables, AAMS sets out to increase the understanding of local weather, climate and air, to help improve citizens’ health, air quality, and local hydrology.
The sensors of the installed monitoring network can for instance identify cool neighbourhoods. Based on this information we can identify the "best practices" of these neighbourhoods.
The monitoring network also contains a so-called scintillometer that records the heat exchange and evaporation of the city as a whole. This evaporation is an important term in the urban water balance, and thus for urban water management and groundwater levels.
To record the CO2 balance of Amsterdam, CO2 flux measurements are performed. Generation of sustainable energy by means of solar panels helps to achieve the CO2 objective. To investigate the optimal set-up of solar panels, a special roof with meteorological instruments will be set up as a test location.
In addition to the measurements, a numerical weather forecast model is used in the summer to make a daily weather forecast on a neighbourhood scale, and to validate against observations in the network. The forecasts are available via this website.
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Artikel
Green Junkie
A uniquely bred honeysuckle plant, “the Green Junkie”, with leaves that were believed to catch air pollutants to improve Amsterdam’s air quality. This project explores the added values of new green innovations for an economical vital city.
Amsterdam, as many other cities, suffers from the high particulate concentrations caused by traffic and other sources, which has a negative impact on the air quality and the health of citizens. High concentration of particulates is especially found near highways and large construction sites. Reducing environmental issues like air pollution improve Amsterdam as an economic climate and its standing amongst other attractive economic hotspots in Europe and beyond. It is crucial to contribute sustainable solutions to improve the air quality and the quality of life.
The green Junkie Project
The “Green Junkie” project tested whether uniquely developed plants called Green Junkie, a special bred of the honeysuckle, could absorb more particulates with hairier and more scaled leaves if placed along busy roads. The corporation MyEarth had bred this plant variety.
Plants have the ability to decrease airborne particulate pollution, especially with dense, longer hairy and scaled leaves. Based on a literature review on urban vegetation and particulate air pollution, it hypothesized that both the plant species and the spatial design would alleviate air pollution.
First, the impact of the “Green Junkie” plant was analyzed in a controlled situation, a wind tunnel. Then, it was tested whether this effect could be found in a living lab condition in Amsterdam.
The expected effects of the plant are representative for a concrete situation with specific spatial design, which will define the impact in practice. It has to be noted that the location of the Green Junkie influences the effects significantly as parameters such as airflow, traffic, weather conditions and density of the vegetation play a role.
Outcomes
Meeting the requirements of a Stimulus Projects* – an innovative solution to an urban challenge in Amsterdam, with upscaling potential and involvement of stakeholders – the project was taken on to research the possibilities to reduce particulate concentration with plant-powered air cleaning.The results of the study showed that the Green Junkie only reduced the amount of soot air pollution by appr. 1.5%. Therefore, the plant is not considered effective in significantly removing soot from traffic-related sources and thereby does not sufficiently contribute to improving the air quality along roads intensively used by car traffic.
With the outcomes of the report AMS Institute sees no justification for follow-up research and will for the time being – not invest in plant-powered air cleaning.
*This project is an AMS Stimulus Project. The aim of Stimulus Projects is to give to new and existing AMS partners support to innovative research that has a strong upscaling potential. The projects should realize short-term research output, which act as a catalyst of a new solution direction, concept or approach.
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Artikel
Bodemkwaliteitsindicatoren voor stadslandbouw en stedelijk groen
Relevante bodemkwaliteitsindicatoren voor landbouwkundige toepassing zijn al langer geselecteerd, maar voor specifieke toepassingen binnen de stedelijke omgeving nog niet. In dit rapport worden relevante indicatoren geselecteerd voor het beoordelen van de bodemkwaliteit binnen de Metropool Regio Amsterdam voor de toepassing 'stadslandbouw' en 'stedelijk groen'.
De bodem is cruciaal voor de mens, het is een van de belangrijkste bronnen van voedsel en bouwstoffen, platform voor activiteit en reiniging van water en lucht. Het belang van een goed functionerend bodemsysteem wordt de laatste decennia steeds duidelijker. In de stedelijke omgeving heeft de bodem dezelfde functies, alleen staat hier de bodemkwaliteit meer onder druk vanwege het intensieve langdurige gebruik van de bodem, wat o.a. kan resulteren in verdichting, verontreiniging, afdekking door o.a. bestrating en bebouwing, en ondergronds gebruik door aanleg van leidingen en bekabeling. Door al deze zaken wordt er een flink beroep gedaan op de ecosysteemdiensten die de bodem levert en komen allerlei natuurlijke functies en processen in het gedrang.
Dit resulteert in het feit dat ook de ‘groene gebieden’ in het Amsterdam Metropoolgebied, waaronder stadslandbouw en stedelijk groen, en de functies die deze groene gebieden leveren – onder andere voedselproductie, recreatie en klimaatadaptatie – steeds meer onder druk komen te staan en het lastiger wordt de kwaliteit van deze gebieden en de diensten die ze leveren, te waarborgen. De bodem speelt hierbij een cruciale rol.
Beheerders en bestuurders hebben behoefte aan het kunnen duiden van de bodemkwaliteit binnen stadslandbouw en stadsgroen om de kwaliteit van deze gebieden op peil te kunnen houden of om de bodemkwaliteit te verbeteren. De kwaliteit van landbouwbodems kan worden gemeten aan de hand van indicatoren die voor deze context zijn ontwikkeld (voor Nederlandse situatie o.a. ‘Bodemkwaliteitsindicatoren voor Landbouwgronden in Nederland, BLN’ - Hanegraaf et al., 2019 en ‘Noodzakelijke indicatoren voor de beoordeling van de gezondheid van Nederlandse landbouwbodems’ (SHI-A(griculture)) – van den Elsen et al., 2018 – deze indicatorsets zijn bruikbaar voor zo veel mogelijk verschillende doelen), maar omdat de bodem in de stadslandbouw en stadsgroen, de functie ervan én de eisen die gebruikers en beheerders aan de bodem stellen vrij specifiek zijn, is het nodig om voor deze gebieden een specifieke subset van indicatoren te selecteren uit BLN en SHI-A. In dit rapport worden voor zowel stadslandbouw als stadsgroen lijsten met indicatoren gepresenteerd die kunnen worden gebruikt om specifiek in deze gebieden de bodemkwaliteit te duiden. De reden van het selecteren van deze specifieke subsets, met soms specifieke doelen of voor specifieke omstandigheden, wordt in dit rapport verduidelijkt.
Bron: van den Elsen, E., Römkens, P., Verzandvoort, S., Korthals, G., & Leenders -van Tol, D. (2021). Bodemkwaliteitsindicatoren voor stadslandbouw en stedelijk groen : wetenschappelijke basis en praktijktoepassing. (Wageningen Environmental Research rapport; No. 3054). Wageningen Environmental Research. https://doi.org/10.18174/539905