Bron: (2023) The next 30 years: planning cities beyond mobility?, European Planning Studies, DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2023.2217855
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Artikel
De komende 30 jaar: Stedelijke planning voorbij de mobiliteit?
Het paradigma van 'hoe sneller, hoe goedkoper, hoe beter' is lang en herhaaldelijk aan de kaak gesteld. Net als de negatieve ecologische, sociale en economische neveneffecten hiervan. De kritiek op dit stedelijke planningsparadigma heeft een alternatieve, duurzamere, visie op stedelijke mobiliteit aangewakkerd. Namelijk een visie op stedelijke mobiliteit die voorbij gaat aan het faciliteren of managen van mobiliteit en meer gericht is op cultivering van diverse stedelijke kwaliteiten.
In deze paper wordt een poging gedaan om deze nieuwe kijk op stedelijke mobiliteit beter te begrijpen en het onderzoeksdebat verder opweg te helpen. Dit wordt gedaan door de verschillende argumenten en interventies te identificeren die onderliggend zijn aan de mogelijkheden en uitdagingen. Hierin wordt antwoord gegeven op drie vragen: (1) Waarom schuift de focus van stedelijke mobiliteitsplanning voorbij mobiliteit? (2) Wat zijn de opkomende componenten hiervan? (3) Hoe kan deze verschuiving verder worden geholpen? -
Artikel
Van “straten voor verkeer” naar “straten voor mensen”
Straatexperimenten worden wereldwijd steeds vaker toegepast. Ze zijn er op gericht om fundamenteel anderen manieren van stedelijke mobiliteit in gang te zetten. Desondanks is dit transformatief potentieel van straatexperimenten weinig onderzocht. Er is weinig tot geen vergelijkende beoordeling van deze experimenten, en geen kritische reflectie daarop die een specifieke meerwaarde biedt voor systeemverandering.
Met literatuuronderzoek en -discussie probeert deze paper deze leemte op te vullen. De volgende vragen worden gesteld: Welke typen stadsstraten experimenten zijn ondernomen in het nastreven van de visie van “straten voor mensen” in plaats van “straten voor verkeer”? Wat zijn hun achtergronden, belangrijkste kenmerken en gerapporteerde effecten? En misschien wel het allerbelangrijkste: hoe kan deze stad op straat experimenteren systeemverandering in stedelijke mobiliteit teweegbrengen?
Deze paper maakt gebruik van de bepalende kenmerken van "overgang experimenten” – een concept dat ontleend is aan het veld van transitie studies – om een raamwerk te ontwikkelen en te illustreren om dit te beoordelen transformerend potentieel. In de conclusies, de review en toetsingskaders worden gebruikt om onderzoek en beleid te schetsen agenda voor dit steeds actueler wordende fenomeen.Bron: (2020) From “streets for traffic” to “streets for people”: can street experiments transform urban mobility?, Transport Reviews, 40:6, 734-753, DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1761907
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Artikel
Spoiled, bored, irritated and nervous
This book chapter offers a new perspective into existing research on the governance of mobile subjects and the ambiguity of the figure of the passenger. The investigation of ideas held by architects and designers about passengers reveals that for airport-makers passengers can simultaneously fulfill different roles.
Nikolaeva, A. (2017). ”Spoiled”, “bored”, “irritated” and “nervous”: The transformations of a mobile subject in airport design discourse. In J. Spinney, S. Reimer, & P. Pinch (Eds.), Mobilising Design (pp. 24-34). (Routledge Studies in Human Geography; Vol. 69). London: Routledge.
Link: https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=0abd0407-54d1-462d-8653-0ea250557c4f
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Artikel
Commoning mobility
Scholars have argued that transitions to more sustainable and just mobilities require moving beyond technocentrism to rethink the very meaning of mobility in cities, communities, and societies. Drawing on our global comparative research of low‐carbon mobility transitions, we argue that critical mobilities scholars can rethink and expand the understanding of mobility through engagement with commons–enclosure thinking. We present a new concept, “commoning mobility,” a theorisation that both envisions and shapes practices that develop fairer and greener mobilities and more inclusive, collaboratively governed societies. The logics of commoning shows a potential to reassess mobility not only as an individual freedom but also as a collective good, paving the way for fairer mobility transitions and a collaborative tackling of sustainable mobility challenges.
Nikolaeva, A., Adey, P., Cresswell, T., Lee, J. Y., Nóvoa, A., & Temenos, C. (2019). Commoning mobility: Towards a new politics of mobility transitions. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 44(2), 346–360.
DOI: 10.1111/tran.12287
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Artikel
The human infrastructure of a cycling city
This paper offers a qualitative exploration of what makes Amsterdam a “cycling city”. Through semi-structured interviews, the article explores the main factors which encourage cycling uptake among international newcomers to Amsterdam. Instead of relying on a division between “hard” and “soft” factors, we approach the city as a sociotechnical system, arguing that the material and social factors which encourage cycling in Amsterdam are co-constitutive. We identify seven main factors encouraging cycling, whichtend to be mutually reinforcing and highlight the critical role of the “human infrastructure” formed by cyclists themselves in encouraging cycling. Finally, our analysis uncovers a temporal dimension of cycling uptake, showing that many newcomers become increasingly reliant on cycling over time.
Samuel Nello-Deakin & Anna Nikolaeva (2020): The human infrastructure of a cycling city: Amsterdam through the eyes of international newcomers, Urban Geography,
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Artikel
Smart Cycling Futures
In Smart Cycling Futures (SCF) wordt onderzoek verricht naar de kansen die fietsinnovatie kan bieden aan de verbetering van steden en regio’s. Centraal in SCF staan de living labs die in de deelnemende Nederlandse steden en regio’s georganiseerd worden. In living labs gaan wetenschappers en experts uit de praktijk aan de slag om sociale en technische vindingen uit te proberen en te evalueren.
Met het SURF-onderzoek wil het consortium leren over en stimuleren van de transitie naar een slimmer fietssysteem – met als doel de leefbaarheid en veerkracht van stedelijke regio’s te vergroten. Onder meer Brabantstad, Stadsregio Amsterdam, Zwolle/Overijssel en Utrecht zijn ‘partner in crime’.
SCF maakt deel uit van het onderzoeksprogramma ‘Smart Urban Regions of the Future’ (SURF). Dit is hét kennisprogramma van de departementen van Infrastructuur en Milieu (IenM) en Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties (BZK), NWO, Platform31 en het Nationaal Regieorgaan Praktijkgericht Onderzoek SIA op het gebied van slimme stedelijke regio’s. De initiatiefnemers brengen 16,5 miljoen euro samen voor onderzoek en kennisoverdracht in de periode 2015-2020. In SURF werken (internationale) consortia van wetenschappelijk onderzoekers en praktijkpartijen in stedelijke regio’s samen aan kennis op de raakvlakken van ruimte, wonen, bereikbaarheid, economie en bestuur. In 2016 gingen de eerste SURF-projecten van start: vijf grote nationale projecten waaronder SCF. Kijk voor meer informatie hierover op www.verdus.nl
SCF werkt samen met andere fietsonderzoekers en -professionals in de Fietscommunity 2.0. lees meer over deze community op de SURF-website en de website van de Fietscommunity zelf.
Smart Cycling Futures is een samenwerkingsproject tussen/met veel partijen. De projectleiding berust bij Rob Raven van de Universiteit Utrecht. Ook de Universiteiten van Amsterdam (UVA) en Eindhoven (TU) doen mee, net als Hogeschool Windesheim uit Zwolle. De vier steden Utrecht, Amsterdam, Eindhoven en Zwolle doen ook mee, evenals de provincie Overijssel, Utrecht en Noord Brabant en de stadregio Amsterdam.
Bron en meer informatie: http://smartcyclingfutures.nl/
contactpersoon Gemeente Amsterdam: Iris van der Horst
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Artikel
CODALoop
Platform ter ondersteuning van gedragsaanpassingen, waaronder mobiliteitsgedrag.
There is tremendous urgency for reducing cities’ energy footprint through behavioral change. However, we hardly know how to enable individuals to learn how to behave energy responsibly in their daily lives. This project combines information, cognitive and social sciences into a real-life experiment in urban neighborhoods. It will provide: a) a deeper understanding of learning and behavioral change to reduce energy consumption in an urban setting; b) a tested prototype of an interactive
web-based platform for sharing data about individual and community energy consumption choices; c) a tailored set of policy and market recommendations for the wider application of this platform.CODALoop Amsterdam is active in 2 neighbourhoods. Indische Buurt in Amsterdam East and Buiksloterham in Amsterdam North. https://www.codaloopamsterdam.org/
Partners: University of Amsterdam (AISSR), Yildiz Technical University, Graz University of Technology, Delft University of Technology, PlusOneMinusOne, Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving (PBL), Amsterdam Economic Board/Amsterdam Smart City, Nudge, District Municipality of Kadikoy, Yurtici Kargo, Energie Steiermark AG, StadtLABOR, City of Graz/Stadtbaudirektion, HORN Consult
Contact: Prof ir Luca Bertolini, University of Amsterdam
De gemeente participeert in dit onderzoek.
JPI Urban Europe Eranet. Loopt tot 2019. Bron en meer informatie: http://jpi-urbaneurope.eu/project/codaloop/
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Artikel
Experiences with transportation models: An international survey of planning practices
Transport planning practice is experiencing rapid transitions. This shifting professional environment is prompting lively and sometimes bitter debates about how transportation models should be used. While these models and their outputs play an increasingly more important function in transport-related decision-making processes, growing concerns emerge about their limitations, assumptions, biases, and usability. This paper addresses the question of how different professionals involved in transportation planning perceive and experience these tensions. For that purpose, we developed an online survey which was completed by 229 European transport planning practitioners, primarily working in the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany. Our findings support the following key conclusions. First, and contrary to popular notions on the matter, practitioners are relatively satisfied with the models they use. Second, most respondents are confident that they understand the assumptions and uncertainties associated with transport models, but that other important stakeholders do not. However, third, the larger the distance that respondents have to hands-on working experience with transportation models, the lower is their trust on model outputs. Respondents who are not directly involved in the operation of the models a) report more negative experiences associated with model use in decision-making processes and b) identify more usability barriers. The overall picture revealed a lack of trust amongst transport planning professionals, which is a problem needing to be addressed. We propose bringing models closer to those who use their outputs as a constructive solution to this trust deficit.
te Brömmelstroet, M., Nicolaisen, M. S., Büttner, B., & Ferreira, A. (2017). Experiences with transportation models: An international survey of planning practices. Transport Policy, 58, 10-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.04.007 -
Artikel
Adapting to new realities: an analysis of institutional work in three cases of Dutch infrastructure planning
The social and institutional context of infrastructure planning has shifted tremendously over recent decades. From top–down implementation, infrastructure planners are now forced to incorporate the demands and wishes of citizens and other external stakeholders. This paper adopts the analytical perspective of institutional work to analyse how a number of Dutch infrastructure planning organisations try to remain in control over these changes in their institutional context. Building on social systems thinking, this paper distinguishes three environments in which this control can play out: the internal environment over which an organisation has complete control, an external environment over which an organisation has little control and a transactional environment where the organisation, through its interactions with other actors, can influence institutional development. The paper concludes that while most forms of institutional work applied by the infrastructure planning organisations under study aim to change the organisations’ interactions with stakeholders, the forms of institutional work are predominantly located within the internal environment of planning organisations.
Emmy Bergsma, Mendel Giezen, Bart Schalkwijk & Chris Büscher (2017). Adapting to new realities: an analysis of institutional work in three cases of Dutch infrastructure planning. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2017.1391072
Link to article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2017.1391072
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Artikel
Evolutionary urban transportation planning: an exploration
For urban transportation planners these are challenging times. Mounting practical concerns are mirrored by more fundamental critiques. The latter comes together in the observation that conventional approaches do not adequately account for the irreducible uncertainty of future developments. The author's central aim is to explore whether and how an evolutionary approach can help overcome this limit. Two core hypotheses are formulated. The first is that the urban transportation system behaves in an evolutionary fashion. The second hypothesis is that, because of this, urban transportation planning needs to focus on enhancing the resilience and adaptability of the system. Changes in transport and land-use development patterns and policies, and in the broader context of the postwar period in the Amsterdam region, are analysed in order to illustrate the two core hypotheses. More general implications are also drawn.
Bertolini, L. (2007). Evolutionary urban transportation planning: an exploration. Environment and Planning A 39, pp. 1998-2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068%2Fa38350
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Artikel
Urban Development without more Mobility by Car? Lessons from Amsterdam, a Multimodal Urban Region
The fundamental dilemma in attempts to make urban development less dependent upon mobility by car is the inability of alternatives to match the quality of accessibility provided by private motorized transport. Failure to recognize this means that bringing about environmentally more sustainable urban mobility patterns is only possible at economic, social, and political costs that are unacceptable in most societies. In this paper we identify and discuss ways out of this dilemma, in the form of solutions that pursue the goal of increasing both sustainability and accessibility. We start by contending that what people ask is not a generic mobility, but rather opportunities to participate in spatially disjointed activities. Accordingly, accessibility should be defined as the amount and the diversity of ‘spatial opportunities’ that can be reached within a certain amount of time. Solutions to the accessibility–sustainability dilemma building upon this perspective (that is, planning concepts, policy measures) have been the object of recent research at the Universiteit van Amsterdam and are discussed and we look for, and find, evidence of the feasibility of these solutions in the actual trends in the Amsterdam urban region. Some policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Bertolini, L. & le Clerq, F. (2003). Urban Development without more Mobility by Car? Lessons from Amsterdam, a Multimodal Urban Region. Environment and Planning A, 35, pp. 575-589.
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Artikel
Using cost benefit analysis as a learning process: Identifying interventions for improving communication and trust
Integrated transportation plans require assessment approaches that can adequately support their multi-dimensional, context-specific needs. The suitability of cost benefit analysis (CBA) for answering this need has been studied in recent research: an analysis of participant perceptions in the Netherlands showed several problematic process issues when assessing integrated transportation plans with CBA (Beukers et al., 2012). CBA was perceived by the participants as a final test, in contrast to the desired outcome of using CBA as a learning tool to optimize the plans. Furthermore, the two main groups of participants (plan owners and evaluators) appeared to hold different and sometimes clashing rationales. This clash was expressed through lack of communication and mutual trust. Using a literature review of the fields of deliberative planning and organizational learning to explore how to improve communication and build trust, this paper provides a deeper understanding of the process issues at hand and contends that strong communication and trust between plan owners and evaluators are crucial conditions for employing CBA as a learning tool. Finally, based on these theoretical insights, this paper proposes an approach for supporting the practical use of CBA as a learning tool.
Beukers, E. Bertolini, L. & Brömmelstroet, M.T. (2014). Using cost benefit analysis as a learning process: Identifying interventions for improving communication and trust. Transport Policy 31, pp 61-72. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.12.002
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Artikel
Integrating Mobility and Urban Development Agendas: a Manifesto
Contemporary urban lifestyles and business practices are increasingly dependent on mobility. At the same time, the negative impacts of mobility on natural and social environments are growing dramatically, as is the public outcry for their reversal. Urban planners are faced with a difficult dilemma: how to rejoin the essential role of mobility in enhancing cities' welfare and well-being with the lack of sustainability of present urban mobility practices? The paper argues that coping with this dilemma requires understanding and managing the deep intertwining of urban mobility, spatial developments, and broader socio-economic and cultural processes, but also coming to terms with the many, irreducible uncertainties of the challenge. It concludes that only a more intensive and critical interaction between different disciplines – at the very least fully integrating transport and spatial planningand between planning science and planning practice can achieve this.
Bertolini, L. (2012). Integrating Mobility and Urban Development Agendas: a Manifesto. disP - The Planning Review 48:1,16-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2012.702956
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Artikel
Travelling together alone and alone together: mobility and potential exposure to diversity
Quantity and quality of social relations correlate with our happiness and physical health. Our (feeling of) connectedness also matters for the efficacy and functioning of communities and societies as a whole. Different mobility practices offer different conditions for being exposed to other people and the environment. Such exposure influences a sense of being connected to places, communities and societies. In transport planning practice and research, these relations are slowly getting attention. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework that offers a comprehensive understanding on if and how one’s experiences of being on the move influence the ability of an individual to develop a sense of connectedness. We develop hypotheses about these possible relations, that link literatures from mobilities research and sociology to advance transport planning research and practice. First, we discuss how the experiences of being mobile using different transport modes set different stages for the potential exposure to a diversity of socio-spatial environments. Second, we translate this into an analytical framework for understanding the relationships between connectedness and using different mobility modes. In the final part of the paper, we illustrate this by operationalising a number of potential indicators of connectedness (as dependent variables).